The oblateness constant q is given by, where is the angular frequency, G is the gravitational constant, and M is the mass of the planet. R High School Students Measure New Value for Earths Radius to Celebrate World Physics Year. Earth's rocky mantle and metallic core make it the densest planet, at 5.513 grams per cubic centimeter. Record the distance between your location and your partners location. How do you find the radius of a planet in physics? The extrema geocentric radii on the ellipsoid coincide with the equatorial and polar radii. Additionally, the bulge at the equator shows slow variations. How do you use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the radius of the earth? Reviving Erastosthenes, 2022-year-old experiment using the angle of the sun to measure the radius of the Earth. Most experts think planet Earth can support about 10 billion people, and that when our population reaches that number, it will start to decline. Length in km of 1 of latitude = always 111.32 km Length in km of 1 of longitude = 40075 km * cos ( latitude ) / 360 Share Follow edited Jul 21, 2022 at 14:03 answered Sep 16, 2016 at 21:29 Area of sphere= 4pier 2. How do you solve for radius and diameter? The acceleration due to gravity at the surface of Earthis represented by the letter g. For Earth, the arithmetic mean radius is 6,371.0088km (3,958.7613mi). The other two are the radii of curvature. Solution Verified The model is rotated in a wind tunnel at a rotational speed of 500 rev/minrev/min. How to Calculate the Circumference of the Earth? Earth's surface area is an estimated 510 km2, and about 29% of the area is land while the other 71% consists of water. Have your partner do the same in her location at the exact same time. | The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. stands for the radius of the Earth. \text{Circumference} = 39,350 \text{\ kilometers}. The IUGG denotes the authalic radius as R2. ( Image credit: Ayhan Altun) There are nearly 8 billion people (opens in new tab) living on Earth today, but our planet wasnt always so crowded. Given you're looking for a simple formula, this is probably the simplest way to do it, assuming that the Earth is a sphere with a circumference of 40075 km. What is the permiter of the Earth? Enchanted Learning. 756 mi) on average. It is known that the equatorial radius of the earth is R=6371km R = 6371 k m so, convert the unit of radius using the conversion factor. The typical radius of the world is roughly 6. A partial surface of an ellipsoid gets fitted to the region, in which case the center and orientation of the ellipsoid generally do not coincide with the earth's center of mass or axis of rotation. Refer to the WGS-84 ellipsoid if a more precise value for its polar radius is needed. = Also see the Table of Physical Units and Constants. While carbon dioxide gas is invisible, the very cold gas , Turbines produce noise and alter visual aesthetics. If one point had appeared due east of the other, one finds the approximate curvature in the eastwest direction. Earth radius (denoted as R or So escape velocity of the planet will be 22.4 km/sec The equatorial radius is most commonly used to calculate the volume of Earth, so as not to leave out any territory. {\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}_{\mathrm {pJ} }^{\mathrm {N} }} w In a geocentric ellipsoid, the center of the ellipsoid coincides with some computed center of Earth, and best models the earth as a whole. , which is defined to be 6,378.1km (3,963.2mi). Now we know 1km=1000m 5. The distance between Syene and Alexandria is 787 kilometers. First of NASA's SunRISE SmallSats Rolls Off Production Line. 903 mi) at the poles and 6371. [Mass of the earth is 6 x 1024 kg and radius of the earth is 6.4 x 106 m]. Radius of planet R = 2 x radius of earth = 2 x 6.4 x 10 6 m. G = gravitational constant = 6.67 x 10-11 N m 2 /kg 2. He received his Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Berkeley, where he conducted research on particle physics and cosmology. The space station is 356 feet (109 meters) end-to-end, one yard shy of the full length of an American football field including the end . The average light travel time to the earth is 8.3 minutes. West can be exchanged for east in this discussion. Likewise for surface area, either based on a map projection or a geodesic polygon. Karren Doll Tolliver holds a Bachelor of English from Mississippi University for Women and a CELTA teaching certificate from Akcent Language School in Prague. {\displaystyle r} , MITs Alan , In 2020, as a response to the disruption caused by COVID-19, the College Board modified the AP exams so they were shorter, administered online, covered less material, and had a different format than previous tests. Your partner should measure at the same time, regardless of time difference. the center.of the Earth. The meridional mean is well approximated by the semicubic mean of the two axes,[citation needed]. However, Earth is not quite a sphere. Yes! By knowing the Equatorial diameter or the polar diameter of the Earth, the circumference can be found. Explanation: The Earth's radius (r) is 6371 km or 3959 miles, based on numbers from Wikipedia, which gives a circumference (c) of c = 2 * * r = 40 030 km We wish to find the height (h) which is the drop in curvature over the distance (d) Using the circumference we find that 1 kilometer has the angle 360 / 40 030 km = 0.009. So if you measure at 11:00am in New York, they should measure at 9:00am in Colorado because of the time difference. Drive one of the meter sticks into the ground in your location in a sunny spot. The first published reference to the Earths size appeared around 350BC, when Aristotle reported in his book On the Heavens(18) that mathematicians had guessed the circumference of the Earth to be 400,000 stadia. The physical radius, the distance from the center of the earth to the ellipsoid is the least used. This table summarizes the accepted values of the Earth's radius. Mathematically, Earth is a spheroid. b : the third and usually largest vein of an insects wing. [7] Additional discrepancies caused by topographical variation at specific locations can be significant. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Video advice: How We Calculated the Radius of Earth. r This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Above we see an object with mass m attached to a spring. He studied in Athens at the Lyceum. (C = 2r) With this information, Eratosthenes inferred that the Earths radius was 6366 km. , Earth's volume is estimated at 1 trillion cubic kilometers. Scholars have interpreted Aristotle's figure to be anywhere from highly accurate[20] to almost double the true value. This measurement also introduces another fun source of error that actually comes from the motion of Earth and other similar planetary bodies in the solar system. NASA Telescope Takes 12-Year Time-Lapse Movie of Entire Sky. is normal to the surface at Nowadays there are better ellipsoids when it comes to supplying a much better fit to mean ocean level compared to WGS84 ellipsoid. Its measured round the Equator and round the rods that provide different values. . [f], This Earth's prime-vertical radius of curvature, also called the Earth's transverse radius of curvature, is defined perpendicular (orthogonal) to M at geodetic latitude is:[g], N can also be interpreted geometrically as the normal distance from the ellipsoid surface to the polar axis. As an example, we will use Eratosthenes measurements. Answer (1 of 3): First of all let us consider the shape of the earth to be a sphere. View a sample solution. The radius of the Earth, re, is about 6.38 10 6 meters, and the mass of the Earth is 5.98 10 24 kilograms. Derived quantities: diameter, circumference, arc-length, area, volume, There is no single center to the geoid; it varies according to local. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The radius of the Earth is 6371 km. The polar radius of the Earth is 3,950 miles (6,356), which is a 13-mile (22-kilometer) difference. Our Planet radius is really a unit of distance utilized in astronomy and geology. , over the surface of the ellipsoid. Do NOT follow this link or you will be banned from the site! When the Moon is the farthest away, it's 252,088 miles away. Its volume is 803.84 cubic meters. A r In the third century B.C., Eratosthenes was able to mathematically calculate the earths diameter by comparing differences in the angle of the suns rays at two separate geographic points. about 6,367.445km (3,956.547mi), can also be used. where e2 = a2 b2/a2 and A is the surface area of the spheroid. Comment document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a9a1dd2ca0d2b09469aaaff6808fc4c3" );document.getElementById("ae49f29f56").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. r 1o = 180 radian. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Since Earth is roughly spherical, calculating its volume is relatively simple. N For Eratosthenes, at midday on the summer solstice where the suns angle was directly overhead, the angle was zero. 6.371 10 6 m . [ Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. "The Earth's mass is about 5.98 10 24 kg". It is 6356. It is 6356.752 km (3949.903 mi) at the poles and 6371.001 km (3958.756 mi) on average. Have your partner do the same in her location. As such, they are topographical geocentric distances, Rt, which depends not only on latitude. What is the formula to find radius of Earth? New Arrivals Expand Space Stations Crew to 6. to have an oblate spheroid, the curvatures are. What does EARTH RADIUS mean? The core is found about 2,900 kilometers (1,802 miles) below Earth's surface, and has a radius of about 3,485 kilometers (2,165 miles). If no sub- or superscripts appear on this page - for example, if the "Mass" is given in units of "(1024 kg)" - you may want to check the notes on the sub- and superscripts. a) Calculate the average density of the white dwarf. = It does not store any personal data. It has a diameter of 12,756.3 km (Scientific notation: 1.2756 x 10e4) and a radius of 56,378.15 km (Scientific notation: 5.6378 x 10e4 km.) 371 106 meters (Earth radius 6. The circumference of the world measured round the Equatoris approximtely 24,887. Find the volume of Earth in cubic meters. If we were to plot this it would show (setting, G = M = m = R = 1, and including force direction): A simple spring oscillator To understand what this means we'll look at a simple spring oscillator. You can do this, too, by using his method. How do you find the radius with mass and gravity? An Enormous, Unknown Cambrian Bug Fossil Has Been Discovered within the Eerie Burgess Shale, Ancient Tracks May Be The Oldest Hominin Footprints Ever Found, Scientists Say, By 2500, Earth Will Be Alien To Humans If We Dont Act Now, Scientists Warn, Responsibility disclaimer and privacy policy, Topics Related to Circumference of the Earth. Advertisement. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". 5.98 10 24 kg. 2 At the equator, the radius of Earth is 3963 miles (Diameter = 7926 miles). An arc of 1 radian = the radial distance of the the latitude circle, from. Earth Radius by Latitude Calculator Calculates radius and diameter of the Earth for a given latitude. What is the radius of the earth? Therefore, if the earth is taken to be a two dimensional object, its perimeter would be equal to the. Another global radius is the Earth's rectifying radius, giving a sphere with circumference equal to the perimeter of the ellipse described by any polar cross section of the ellipsoid. Around 1690, Isaac Newton and Christiaan Huygens argued that Earth was closer to an oblate spheroid than to a sphere. Q4. b) Calculate the surface free-fall acceleration. This answer is: The orbit of Earth ranges from 1.47 to 1.52 x 10 11 meters from the Sun. Surveyors today use a variety of instruments and calculations to determine the size of the Earth and collect other relevant data. [22] For both Aristotle and Eratosthenes, uncertainty in the accuracy of their estimates is due to modern uncertainty over which stadion length they meant. 7564mi). We know that the acceleration due to gravity is equal to 9.8 m/s2, the Gravitational constant (G) is 6.673 1011 Nm2/kg2, the radius of the Earth is 6.37 106 m, and mass cancels out. K The information were posted by senior high school classes all over the US, plus some in Canada and Mexico, employed in pairs. Its better to have a reference ellipsoid that is constant over time than it is to have an ever improving best fit ellipsoid. Ans. Calculating Earths Volume Averaging these two numbers yields a mean radius of 6,371.0 kilometers (3,958.7 miles), which in turn yields an approximate value for the volume of the Earth of 1.08 quadrillion cubic kilometers (259 trillion cubic miles). After completing his doctoral studies, he decided to start "ScienceOxygen" as a way to share his passion for science with others and to provide an accessible and engaging resource for those interested in learning about the latest scientific discoveries. The distance to the centre of the Earth has been taken as the volumetric mean radius of the Earth: 6,371km. What is the earths radius in meters?Earth radiusSI base unit6.3781106 mMetric system6,357 to 6,378 kmEnglish units3,950 to 3,963 miEarth radiusSI base unit6.3781106 mMetric system6,357 to 6,378 kmEnglish units3,950 to 3,963 miWhat is the radius of the earth?According to data taken by 183 high-school classes participating in a World Year of Physics project, "Measure the Earth . One reason that our program is so strong is that our . mpanderla95. This is roughly 6,371 kilometers (km) or 3,960 statute miles. {\displaystyle p=N\cos(\varphi )} = Convert the Earth-Sun distance of 93,000,000 miles into. You have to use the distance from the center of the Earth, not the distance above Earth's surface, as the radius. Using the following data: the volume of a sphere = (4/3) (pi)R 3 Radius of the earth= 6.3106 m. Mass of earth= 5.9742 10 24 kilograms. All Right Reserved. How many meters is the earth? [6] It is an idealized surface, and the Earth measurements used to calculate it have an uncertainty of 2m in both the equatorial and polar dimensions. Since he knew the distance between the locations, he was able to determine the circumference of the earth, and therefore the diameter and radius as well. . Please enter the latitude in decimal degrees, here you can convert coordinates. [27] However, the 1492 enactment of that voyage brought his fleet to the Americas. The value for the equatorial radius is defined to the nearest 0.1m in WGS-84. You need to solve physics problems. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". We must convert the radius into centimeters: R Moon = 1738 km X (1000m / km) X (100cm / m) = 1.738 X 10 8 cm. Given local and transient influences on surface height, the values defined below are based on a "general purpose" model, refined as globally precisely as possible within 5m (16ft) of reference ellipsoid height, and to within 100m (330ft) of mean sea level (neglecting geoid height). Whether you need help solving quadratic equations, inspiration for the upcoming science fair or the latest update on a major storm, Sciencing is here to help. Due to the exaggerated eccentricity, it is easy to see that "up" is not parallel to the radius. and Putting in the numbers, you have Dividing both sides by m1 gives you the acceleration due to gravity: Newton's law of gravitation gives you the acceleration due to gravity near the surface of the Earth: 9.8 meters/second 2. Video advice: How Eratosthenes discovered the radius of the earth. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. And we end up with 12.6 meters per second , Firearm muzzle velocities range from approximately 120 m/s (390 ft/s) to 370 m/s (1,200 ft/s) in black powder muskets, to more than 1,200 m/s (3,900 ft/s) in modern rifles with high-velocity cartridges such as the , Summary. Using the curvature of the Earth relative to the parallel light from the sun, we can observe shadows at different locations on the surface of the Earth to find the Earths radius. r 2 Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Venus is included with a thick, quickly spinning atmosphere, developing a scorched world with temperatures hot enough to melt lead along with a surface pressure 90 occasions those of Earth. , and because Her latest book, "A Travel for Taste: Germany," was published in 2015. Sun: radius = 696,000 kilometers, 100 times larger. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. to the plane tangent at What is the number in scientific notation? The WGS84 ellipsoid can be used worldwide (such as the ridiculously over-precise flattening value). F EARTH RADIUS meaning & explanation. (a) Local topography increases the variance, resulting in a surface of profound complexity. Does Bohrs model explain radius of an orbit? Thus, the surface of the earth at the equator moves at a speed of 460 meters per secondor roughly 1,000 miles per hour. In summary, local variations in terrain prevent defining a single "precise" radius. 3.2.2.2Non-directional 4Global radii 4.1Nominal radius 4.2Arithmetic mean radius 4.3Authalic radius 4.4Volumetric radius 4.5Rectifying radius 5Topographical radii 5.1Topographical extremes 5.2Topographical global mean 6Derived quantities: diameter, circumference, arc-length, area, volume 7Published values 8History 9See also 10Notes 11References Radius of sun is 695 500 km, so in meters you multiply by 1000. A globally-average value is usually considered to be 6,371 kilometres (3,959mi) with a 0.3% variability (10 km) for the following reasons. d Earth, on the other hand, isn't quite a sphere. state. The Earths equatorial radius to meter (m) conversion table and conversion steps are also listed. As a consequence of this, the polar radius is closer to 6,356.7 kilometers. The red dot at the lower left corner is its center. The radius is more like 6,371 kilometers at the north and south poles. nasa.gov. | Place the loose end of the string at the end of the cast shadow and hold it taut. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Keplers Third law can be used to determine the orbital radius of the planet if the mass of the orbiting star is known (R3=T2Mstar/Msun, the radius is in AU and the period is in earth years). {\displaystyle r+dr} Solving for x reveals the circumference to be. Born and raised in the city of London, Alexander Johnson studied biology and chemistry in college and went on to earn a PhD in biochemistry. [1]:3 The nominal polar Earth radius is defined as The recent Juno mission launched with the goal of examining Jupiters composition and underlying structure, the wikipedia article on the Juno spacecraft provides an a great overview of this type of process. The dashed line designates the radius to one point on the surface. Example 2. It is a common misconception that Terra is the internationally-recognized scientific name of the planet, but in reality Earth does not have an official international name. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. also corresponds to the radius of (global) mean curvature, obtained by averaging the Gaussian curvature, This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. What is the mass of this planet in terms of Earth's mass? Physics, 22. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Let us calculate area of earth using this formula area=4x22/76370= 5.110 4. which differs from the exact result by less than 1m (4105in); the mean of the two axes. earthRadius The value for the polar radius in this section has been rounded to the nearest 0.1m, which is expected to be adequate for most uses.
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